Study of the impact of an interactive solution on a university campus: ISCTE-IUL case

Every year, universities welcome new students, teachers, researchers and visitors that are unfamiliar with numerous aspects regarding the campus. Kiosks have proved to be a useful tool to solve numerous aspects, from finding specific information, performing transactions or even discovering a location. This study aims to determine whether or not a kiosk would influence the experience lived by visitors and the community of ISCTE-IUL on campus. In other words, what impact does an interactive and informative system has on the campus of a university? An online survey was distributed to the community, former students and potential visitors of ISCTE-IUL, to gather requirements for the system. A prototype was developed, and a usability test was performed with random participants that, at the time, were either students or visitors of ISCTE-IUL. At the end of the test, the users answered a feedback questionnaire, that allowed a better understanding of the impact and possible improvements to the system. The analysis of the initial survey revealed the need for this type of system on campus. The usability test and feedback questionnaire proved the usability and utility of the prototype and the main conclusions are in accordance with the proposed goals. This type of system proved to have a positive impact on the campus and on this basis, it is recommended the implementation of a similar system on campus. Future versions of this system should consider the recommendations provided by test users and also the enhancements to the functionalities.As universidades recebem todos os anos alunos, professores, investigadores e visitantes que não estão familiarizados com vários aspetos relativamente ao campus. Os quiosques são uma ferramenta útil para a resolução de vários aspetos, desde encontrar uma informação específica, realizar transações ou até descobrir um local. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se um quiosque pode influenciar a experiência vivida no campus pela comunidade e visitantes do ISCTE-IUL. Isto é, que impacto tem um sistema interativo e informativo no campus de uma universidade? Foi distribuído um inquérito online de forma a recolher requisitos para o sistema. O mesmo foi realizado por membros da comunidade, antigos estudantes e potenciais visitantes do ISCTE-IUL. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo e foi realizado um teste de usabilidade por participantes aleatórios, que naquele momento, eram estudantes ou visitantes do ISCTE-IUL. No final do teste, os utilizadores responderam a um questionário de feedback, que permitiu uma melhor compreensão do impacto de possíveis melhorias do sistema. A análise do inquérito inicial revelou a necessidade deste tipo de sistema. O teste de usabilidade e o questionário de feedback provaram a usabilidade e utilidade do protótipo e, as principais conclusões, estão de acordo com os objetivos propostos. Este tipo de sistema provou ter um impacto positivo no campus e nesta base, é recomendada a implementação de um sistema semelhante no campus. Versões futuras deste sistema devem considerar as recomendações fornecidas pelos utilizadores e também melhorias às funcionalidades

Identificação e quantificação de adutos covalentes formados entre a valina Nterminal da hemoglobina e o fármaco nevirapina em doentes de HIV: Desenvolvimento e validação de um método analítico por espectrometria de massa de alta resolução

A nevirapina é o fármaco antirretroviral mais utilizado nos países em desenvolvimento para combater o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Apesar dos seus efeitos benéficos, a nevirapina tem sido associada a casos de hipersensibilidade cutânea e hepatoxicidade graves ou mesmo fatais. Estudos recentes sugerem o envolvimento da bioactivação do seu metabolito de Fase I, 12-OHNevirapina, a espécies electrofílicas capazes de formar adutos covalentes com proteínas. A identificação dos adutos formados, por esta via de bioactivação, com a valina N-terminal da hemoglobina (Hb) isolada de doentes sob terapêutica com a nevirapina foi já efectuada. A técnica analítica utilizada envolveu a utilização do método de derivatização N-alquilo Edman que, por reacção com fenilisotiocianato (PITC), permite destacar o aduto formado com o resíduo N-terminal da Hb, sob a forma de uma hidantoina, que foi posteriormente analisado e quantificado por cromatografia líquida acoplado à espectrometria de massa de tandem por ionização de electrospray. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo inicial optimizar o procedimento experimental envolvido no procedimento de N-alquilo Edman, tendo-se inicialmente comparado a sensibilidades obtidas mediante a utilização de dois agentes derivatizante: o PITC e o isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FTIC). Este processo inicial permitiu estabelecer que a utilização do PTIC como agente de derivatização conduzia a melhores resultados, tendo-se prosseguido com o desenvolvimento e a validação do método analítico para a quantificação deste aduto por cromatografia líquida acoplado a espectrometria de massa de alta resolução (LC-HRMS). O método analítico desenvolvido apresentou recuperações entre 36 e 57 %, supressão de sinal de 19 % e um limite de quantificação (LOQ) de 1,4 ppb (média da exactidão = 98 %; CV = 5 %). A metodologia validada foi depois aplicada na quantificação de adutos de nevirapina em duas amostras de Hb isolada de doentes de HIV e os níveis de adutos obtidos foram de 95 e 92 pmol/g de Hb

Agro-industrial wastes as alternative substrates for the production of prebiotic with Zymomonas mobilis

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are promising prebiotics in the relevant and increasing market of functional food. However, to achieve a more sustainable process, the industrial production of FOS should use cheap substrates. Zymomonas mobilis (ZM) has great potential for the production of FOS due to the presence of native enzymes (levansucrase) capable of metabolizing sucrose. In addition, ZM can use different carbon sources, such as molasses and sugarcane juice, which make the FOS production process cost-effective. In this study, sugarcane molasses (a potential replacement of sucrose) and corn step liquor (CSL) (a potential replacement of yeast extract (YE)), were used as nutrients for FOS production using ZM in an in vivo bioprocess approach. FOS production process from sucrose was first optimized and 52 g/L of FOS with a yield of 0.16 g/g was obtained. Afterwards, molasses and CSL were used as alternative nutrients. After studying different combinations of CSL and YE, the highest amount of FOS (54 g/L, with a yield of 0.18 g/g) was obtained with 12 g/L of CSL and 8 g/L of YE. In addition, 45 g/L of FOS were produced from molasses containing 200 g/L of sucrose, with a yield of 0.3 g/g. With this approach, it was possible to reduce around 5.5-times the cost associated with the FOS production medium. Moreover, this study proposed a sustainable process for the valorization of agro-industrial wastes contributing to the future Circular (Bio)Economy and the EU Green Deal.Cláudia Amorim, João Rainha, Beatriz B. Cardoso and Daniela Gomes acknowledge their grants (2020.0029.CEECIND, SFRH/BD/138325/2018, SFRH/BD/132324/2017 and SFRH/BD/04433/2020, respectively) from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The study received financial support from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by LABBELS – Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zymomonas mobilis an emerging microbial cell factory to produce prebiotics

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zymomonas mobilis: a promising microorganism for prebiotic production

Zymomonas mobilis (ZM) is an ethanologenic bacterium with outstanding characteristics which makes it an interesting chassis for the biotechnological production of prebiotics. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are promising prebiotics in the increasing market of functional food. In this work, a Box-Behnken design approach was used to optimize the medium composition and maximize the FOS content. Under optimal conditions, 45.3 g/L of FOS were obtained. Sucrose was the most significant variable; thus, its concentration was further increased to 350 g/L leading to a 1.13-fold enhance in FOS titer. Afterwards, a scale-up to bioreactor was performed resulting in a high yield, content and productivity of FOS (58 %, 156.5 g/L 4.8 g/L h). Furthermore, 45 g/L of sorbitol and 8 g/L of levan were also produced. After purification of the FOS mixture through an activated charcoal column, an in vitro model using human fecal inoculum was used to assess its prebiotic potential. The results suggest that the produced prebiotic mixture has potential to be used to improve the human health. The present work describes for the first time the production of a prebiotic mixture with ZM ZM4 in an in vivo single-step approach that has potential to be commercialized as functional food ingredient.João Rainha, Beatriz B. Cardoso and Daniela Gomes acknowledge their grants (UMINHO/BPD/4/2019, SFRH/BD/138325/2018, SFRH/BD/132324/2017, and SFRH/BD/04433/2020, respectively) from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The study received financial support from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and the project FoSynBio (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029549).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rastreio Pré-natal não-invasivo em cffDNA: Estudo Piloto da Unidade de Citogenética do DGH do INSA

Desde que, em 1997, Dennis Lo descobriu a presença de cell-free DNA de origem fetal (cffDNA) na circulação materna muito se tem investido no desenvolvimento de testes de rastreio pré-natal não invasivo, sobretudo, para a Síndrome de Down (SD). Atualmente, encontram-se disponíveis no mercado variadíssimos testes que facultam este tipo de rastreio em cffDNA, com melhores performances de sensibilidade e especificidade, quando comparado ao rastreio pré-natal convencional. No entanto, e de acordo com a sua realidade, cada país tem optado por diferentes estratégias. A Unidade de Citogenética do Departamento de Genética Humana, do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP), como Laboratório de Estado e do Serviço Nacional de Saúde, iniciou em 2016, com o apoio da Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação do mesmo departamento, a implementação de um teste de cffDNA (NIPT) com o objectivo de disponibilizar esta opção aos Centros de Diagnóstico Pré-Natal (CDPN) nacionais. De forma a validar a metodologia e capacitar tecnicamente os elementos participantes, para a realização dos procedimentos laboratoriais necessários, testaram-se inicialmente, cerca de 60 amostras de sangue materno. Estas amostras foram colhidas em paralelo com a realização do procedimento invasivo (Liquido Amniótico ou Biópsia de Vilosidade Coriónica), de forma a ser possível comparar ambos os resultados e inferir conclusões nesta amostragem inicial. Posteriormente, foi estabelecido um protocolo, com o CDPN da Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, para a realização de um estudo piloto, ao abrigo do qual foram analisados, até ao momento, cerca de 350 NIPT. Neste trabalho propomo-nos apresentar as dificuldades sentidas na implementação desta metodologia, a sua aceitação, bem como os resultados obtidos. Pretendemos ainda lançar as bases para uma discussão sobre o seu enquadramento no SNS em Portugal e critérios para a sua implementação.N/

ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.Peer reviewe

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed